Harry Potter Essay Example

Harry Potter Essay Example Harry Potter Essay Harry Potter Essay Many parents and school boards have challenged the presence of these books in libraries and school curricula. While Rolling attempts to represent the connection between good and evil in the Harry Potter series, many feel that series contents depict violence because the story deals with ghosts, cults and encourage cheating, corruption, lying and witchcraft; these ideas oppose several of the teachings of The Bible. Many disputes have risen over the series contents, especially in regards to its effect on young children. J. K. Rolling Harry Potter series has been questioned for its supposed inappropriate content and Its frequent use of Which supporting philosophies and has been banned and challenged In many schools and libraries worldwide since its publication in 1998. J. K. Rolling shows the ultimate victory of good overcoming evil through messages that embody love and courage In her novels J. K. Rolling expresses that the evil she portrayed In her novels was intentional. She utilizes evil characters such as Lord Voltmeter who has the ability to make others his slaves by dwelling in their bodies because she couldnt pretend that when dealing with evil, no one gets hurt (Rolling). The novel was banned in Zealand, Michigan shortly after its publication. Gary L. Fenniest, Superintendent of schools in Zealand, made a restriction on reading, sherries in school environment in any kind of way after he first read the books. Many concerned parents started to complain when their kids would go home and tell them scary stories about witches and goblins that involved spells. : Rev. Lori Joe Speeches, a worried parent expresses that as we expose our kids to the occult, we expose our kids to blood, to violence, and desensitizing them to that, (Savage). They let that their kids were not mature enough to handle such abrupt violence and did not want them to come home with new ideas that would eventually lead to their own downfall. As most parents would, they believed in keeping their kids away from evil by limiting their access to it. Some parents suggested that this kind of exposure to occult (Savage) will eventually lead to deadly violence such as the shooting that occurred In columbine High school In Littleton, Colorado. The books were supposedly harming their vulnerable children because they believed that their kids are like pongee, and they will soak things up and sometimes store them for a while before they spit them back out (Savings). On November 22 1999, parents and the superintendent decided to take action against this potential harm by making some firm pronouncements. They decided that the Harry Potter series cannot be displayed in school libraries, and if the student desires to read them, they must receive their I OFF As a result, the American Booksellers Foundation For Free Expression, an organization that completely disapproved of the decision, lashed out against the school decision to attics a minority of students and parents by banning the Harry Potter series because it would deprive a majority of students whose parents do not have an issue with this. As the organization became more adamant in its position, the advisory committee recommended reviewing the decision of Fenniest and the school staff. On May 1 1, 2000, Fenniest accepted its recommendation and retained the only the classroom readings for elementary school students. However, the Harry Potter series began to face an increasing number of opposition as the years passed. In the very next year, in March, Harry Potter was banned once again in the I-J. Carol Rockford, Principal of SST Mars Island Church of England School in Chatham, Kent expresses her opinion about the Harry Potter series as a part of the school curriculum. Rockford, speaking on the issue, states that the nature of the stories does not fit in with the schools church ethos (School Bans Harry Potter 1). Rockford and the other school staff felt that the books did not match up with their religious beliefs and clashed with the teachings of the bible. In her opinion, they promote what the Bible clearly condemns, I. E. , witchcraft and sorcery (Banes, 5). Expanding on the motive behind the decision, Rockford states, the Bible is very clear and consistent in its teachings that wizards, devils and demons exist and are very real, powerful and dangerous and Gods people are told to have nothing to do with them. We are a Church of England aided primary school which means the church ethos is very important to what we do. (Robinson). Rosewoods strong position about the Harry Potter series in the school library shelves sparked uproar among many. National Secular Society stated that it is wrong to remove the series from schools because it had always been an imagination booster and banning these books would be doing students a great disservice. INS General Secretary Keith Portentous makes a comment that Childrens imaginations have been nourished for centuries with stories of wizards, witches and fairies (School Bans Harry Potter 1). From the US, Author J. K. Rolling defended her books and said that the books are in fact moral. She states that the good and evil is hat shapes the story, and that the novels needed to include such ingredients to honestly tell their stories. (School Bans Harry Potterl). This did not stop Carol Rosewoods and the school staffs firm decision. In 2005, Genuine County, Georgia, Laura Mallory argued to ban the Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Cabana from J. C Magical Elementary school, where her four kids attended school. Originally from Louisville, she argued that since teachers do not assign books such as the Bible for student reading, Harry Potter should not be assigned either Mallory thought that the kooks are harmful to children. She said, The good characters lie, cheat and steal and are not punished. The stories encourage children to perform spells and promote Which. (Diamond). Mallory trusts the school system to protect her precious young children and she certainly doesnt want them indoctrinated into Wisconsin (Ban Harry Potter or face more school shootings). As a result of Mallory attempt to ban the books, Genuine officials argued that the books are a good learning tool and encourage children to read and to spark creativity and imagination (Ban Harry Potter or face more school shootings). The School Board argued that banning books Victoria Sweeney, an attorney representing the Gannett County Board of Education, expressed that it would be wrong to remove the book from schools based on one persons opinion. On December 14, 2006, the Georgia Board ruled that there is no reason for the books to be banned, thus stating that the parent failed to prove her point that the series promotes the Which religion and therefore that the books availability in public schools does not constitute advocacy of a religion (Harry Potter ND the Prisoner of Cabana). The books were also banned in Wakefield, Massachusetts when Rev Ron Barker, SST. Josephs pastor, removed the books from the school libraries claiming that witchcraft and magic are not appropriate enough to be a part of a Catholic school. While many agreed with Barker, many other students and parents were upset about the decision because it was made without notice. Rick Hudson, a parent who has sent his three children to SST. Josephs School, expressed that he was upset that this was done in the first place but he was more upset that it as done in secret. A mother, who asked that her name not be used, said, l think the spirit of what hes doing is the right thing. I believe he is sincerely interested in the childrens well-being. (Luggage). She trusts Barkers Judgment and believes he would never do harm for the students. Ever since its original publication in 1998, J. K. Rolling Harry Potter has sparked much controversy over the years. As one of the most banned books, it is no surprise that many parents and school boards challenge the presence of the books in libraries and school curricula. According to he American Library Association, every year from 1999 to 2002, Harry Potter topped the list of titles challenged or targeted for censorship Len 2003, it ranked second (Bald, 125). Rolling attempt to represent the association between good and evil failed in many places in the United States and other countries as well. J. K. Rolling Harry Potter series is a work that has been questioned for its supposedly violent content and particularly its repeated use of philosophies behind witchcraft that promote Which, and as a result, has been banned or challenged in many schools and libraries around the world.

New Venture Formation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Venture Formation - Research Paper Example New venture development In order to easily interpret the process of new venture or business development, it is better to split the term ‘business development’ into two such as business and development. The term business constitutes certain significant elements like finance, managerial activities, competition, marketing, and prices. In addition, the basic idea behind the term business is that it largely relates to risk and entrepreneurship. At the same time, the term ‘development’ can be linked with some other aspects such as technological improvement, improved relations, cost reduction, and general welfare. According to conventional views, business development is considered as gradual development of business ideas and business operations; and although the techniques used to promote the business expansion may differ, all of them constitute traditional marketing (â€Å"New venture development†). The traditional marketing was mainly concerned with how to find, approach, and customer retention using the given lines of product. It is obvious that this traditional business development concept has limited scope as it covers only marketing views. Hence, the modern corporate entrepreneurship concept redefines the new business development in a broad manner. ... Recently, scholars have identified that new venture development process has a close relationship with technology and business networks. In other words, the major purpose of the business development process is to recognize opportunities in a fast changing technological world. Phases of new venture formation New venture formation or development includes a series of processes including idea generation and development, market research methodologies, financial forecasting and spread sheet formulation, and new venture funding. These processes/phases are briefly described below. 1. Idea generation and development As Mallett points out, idea generation is the most important phase of a new venture development process as this phase determines the direction of flow of the whole business performance (149). While forming a business idea, an entrepreneur must take different factors into account. He has to ensure that his business idea well suits with persisting market trends and possesses adequate financial sources to successfully launch the product into the market. It must be also emphasized that the business idea should be novel enough to survive the market competition. Idea generation is a very challenging task but putting it into practice can be much harder. Once an idea strikes a person (entrepreneur), he has to chart all the details of what he wants to achieve and how he is going to proceed with it. The entrepreneur must be very careful at this stage since spending too much time in the idea generation phase would stunt the entrepreneur’s creativity. The entrepreneur may seek assistance from managerial experts to make necessary

Social Deviance and Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Deviance and Autism - Essay Example The society does not favor deviance as groups are more likely to work in a unified, product way if there is coherence and conformity in the acts and attitudes of the individual members; however, it is possible to observe positive effects of deviancy in certain cases especially for people who are unable to fit in the defined social structure. Social deviancy and crime are closely interrelated; criminals indulge in damaging activities which are a threat to the individual and societal rights and are prosecuted by the law according to preset regulations. These activities are often a more deliberate and extreme form of social deviance and are shunned by the society at large. But within different contexts a set of activities which are against a law may be accepted as commonplace such as speeding on the highway and similarly there are deviants who go against the norms of the majority but are not criminals. When distinguishing between ‘crime’ and ‘deviancy’, John Ha gan’s classifications provide a good reference point with the regards to individual acts. He gives the three dimensions on which deviancy can be measured, these include the perceived harmfulness of the activity to the society or any individual, the consensus of the society as to whether deviancy occurred and severity of action proposed against the perpetrators. Each of these dimensions can be ranged from high to low; an activity which ranks as high on all three will be immediately classified as ‘consensus crimes’ which provide immediate danger and are wildly against accepted social behavior. In the case given, the individual in question Mr. McCollum had a self confessed obsession with trains and places related to trains. Suffering from Asperger’s Syndrome, the man’s great interest in locomotives is not unusual for someone with the affliction. The problem arose when he tried to impersonate ticket wardens, steal a locomotive and indulge in other delin quent activities like joy riding and trespassing train control towers to satisfy his need to be ‘near trains or a train yard’. These activities got him arrested several times, yet he went against the terms of his parole in 2006 because of his obsession with trains. As far as social deviance goes, his behavior was potentially dangerous as it involved interfering with the mechanisms of sophisticated machinery which could endanger the people using or working with them. The consensus that his behavior is different from socially established rules is similarly high as safety protocols are given the highest importance in modern society and people breaking these regulations are looked upon very negatively. It is difficult to classify Mr McCollum’s actions as consensus crimes, however, because there is disparity in the opinion for the severity of his castigation- the reason being his suffering from Asperger’s syndrome. His advocates claim that even though Mr. McCol lum was aware that his actions were not acceptable at large he still felt a compulsion to perform them. This is true of people affected by Autism spectrum disorders which are one of the most common neurological disorders, and most common developmental disabilities in our society. Aspergers is classified as high functioning autism, marked by social inhibitions, a lack of relation to the social interactions which form the basis of the society and a compulsive behavior

The Aspects Of Social Work Theories

The Aspects Of Social Work Theories Social work involves working in profoundly emotional events in peoples lives, its practice is demanding and challenging and perhaps one of its most unique qualities is the balance it holds between understanding and working with the internal and external realities of service users (Bower, 2005). In 1935, Charlotte Towle, a pioneering social worker, deeply influenced the profession recognising that social workers needed to secure knowledge of human behaviour to understand service users. She distinguished between knowing people and knowing about people, suggesting the core of social work to be the interaction between the service user and the social worker (Towle, 1969). More recently, literature has expressed a continued relationship based approach to social work, which emphasises the importance of the social work relationship and the quality of the social work experience provided (Trevethick, 2003, Howe, 1998). Understanding how to best facilitate relationships and work with service users requires acquisition of knowledge from a range of disciplines, theories and skills (Strean, 1978, Hollis, 1964). Trevithick (2000) discusses that the insight derived from psychoanalysis, the psychodynamic approach and its theories on the unconscious can assist the social worker in offering a framework for understanding complex human relationships. The approach has had a major impact on social works development as theories on the unconscious have impacted on ways of working with service users (Pinkus et al, 1977) The psychodynamic approach derives from Sigmund Freuds psychoanalysis, a method of inquiry, theory of mind and body of research. Contrary to the prevailing thought at the time, where the assumption of psychology was that human behaviour was rational and the key to understanding human behaviour was to focus upon human consciousness, Freud (1936) believed that human behaviour was irrational and much of our personality, motives and behaviour were unconscious. Central to Freuds theories was the idea that certain experiences during childhood that are too painful to remember and are unconsciously repressed. According to Freud, these repressed thoughts give rise to states of anxiety or depressions which can be expressed in physical symptoms (Freud, 1986). In the 1920s social work practice shifted dramatically as they began working in hospitals and clinics, extending their exposure to psychiatric thinking (Goldstein, 1995). In a publication in 1940, Annette Garret became one of the first social work authors to comment on the impact of Freuds work on social work theory and practice, advocating for psychoanalytical ideas to be used by social workers (Brandell, 2004). Freud and his colleagues came to realise that symptoms, such as depression, anxiety and other psychological disorders could be expressions of unconscious conflicting impulses and unresolved issues (BPS, 2007). They explored the idea of transference, the projection of unconscious feelings of unresolved issues from the service user onto the worker. The issues were connected to significant others in their past. The service user experiences the worker through this lens and sees the worker as if he or she is the person from their past. The unconscious remembers feelings from the past and projects them into the present. The feelings from service user to the worker are the transference and the workers feelings towards the service user are the counter transference. Freud noted that transference and counter-transference were experienced in the therapeutic relationship (Freud, 1986). This notion has implications for social work in that it allows the social worker to be aware of his/her unresol ved issues that may impact on the working relationship with a service user and also allows the social worker to be mindful of hoe the service user is viewing the working relationship. Payne (1991) discusses how a social workers unconscious feelings can be awakened while working with a service user who perhaps reminds him/her of an experience or time in his/her own life. Freuds theories relating to the unconscious show that rational human choice may be overridden by our unconscious inner conflicts (Brandell, 2004) and can aid us in understanding human behaviour. The theories encourage social workers to have an open mind when working with distressed service users, enabling them to individualise the person in their environment, suggesting that each service user is unique in personal experience, strength and weakness (Strean, 1993). Transference and counter transference recognise that both service users and social workers are human beings and that to work effectively together involves acknowledging the emotions associated with all relationships (Trevithick, 2000). Schon (1983), Fook and Gardner (2007), Thompson and Thompson, (2008) advocate the importance of being a reflective practitioner. I feel that the psychodynamic perspective can assist social workers in acquiring the self knowledge it takes to become reflective. Trevithick (2003) describes this self knowledge as being what we learn about ourselves over time, including practice wisdom, our ability to be honest with ourselves about strengths and qualities while at the same time accepting our limitations. However, Freuds theories have their limitations in respect of social work practice. As Freud used non scientific methods in his research, it is difficult to prove or disprove his ideas. Freud did not have any concrete data, but undertook many individual assessments, mainly with older upper class women and for this reason, his work is considered sexist (Mitchel, 1974) and also euro and ethnocentric (Robinson 1995, Trevithick, 2000) as the studies on white populations. Fernando (1991) suggest that Freud saw other cultures as primitive in comparison to western white society implying a racist slant and Strean (1979) goes further to state that Freud had limited cultural assumptions and deviations from this cultural norm were considered abnormal and worthy of his treatment. However, in spite of this, Cameron (2006) points out that the psychodynamic approach has been taken up in many cultural contexts, most notably in Latin America, India and Japan. In light of criticism, however, the psychoanalytical concepts put forward by Freud and developed by later analysts have enriched our knowledge of mental functioning and human relationships and informs the relationship aspect of social work. It not only assists in informing the social work/service user relationship but also the relationships that service users have had in the past, experience in the present and will have in the future. Social work is about working with people and the psychodynamic perspective brings an extra skill of awareness into the mix. Freud began to understand, through this stage development theory for children, that the childs relationship to parental figures is the prototype for all subsequent relationships in the childs life (Freud, 1986). These can involve emotions such as rivalry, jealousy, guilt, love and hate. Freud felt that our sexuality began at a very young age and developed through various fixations. If each stage was not completed, we would develop an anxiety and late in life a defence mechanism to avoid that anxiety (Freud 1986). Freud developed the first stage development theory which acknowledges the issue of attachment between mother and child, a theory which later would be developed by other psychoanalysts and disciplines. The traumatic effects of prolonged separation between mother and infant are widely recognised today and this has led to radical changes in the management of children in hospital (BPS, 2007). Later followers of Freud, such as, Erik Eriksen and John Bowlby, came to realise, parti cularly through their work with children, that experiences of early infancy, though lost to the conscious mind in adulthood, nevertheless live on in the unconscious and continually affect and shape relationships and behaviour in everyday life (BPS, 2007). Bowlby (1951) developed Freuds theory, agreeing with Freuds emphasis on the importance of the childs attachment to the mother as a basis for later emotional relationships. His attachment theory describes how our closest relationships begin in infancy and set the stage for subsequent development. When the relationships are secure, they promote self reliance, confident exploration of the environment and resiliency in dealing with lifes stresses and crises. Lack of secure attachment can lead to emotional problems, difficulty relating to others and a vulnerability to psychological distress (Sable, 2004, Bowlby 1951). Bowlby believed that a mother inherits a genetic urge to respond to her baby and there is a critical period after the baby is born during which the mother and baby form an attachment. One of the most controversial aspects of Bowlbys theory was the claim that babies have an innate tendency to become attached to their primary caregiver, usually the mother, and that this attachment is different from other attachments. Any disruption of this bond in this period can have serious long term consequences. This has been criticised by other theorists who state that the attachment does not have to lie with the mother, it can be with any care giver (Schaffer Emerson, 1964). Mary Ainsworth, a psychologist devised a laboratory experiment called the Strange Situation (Ainsworth, 1978) which showed that Bowlbys evolving ideas could be tested and given a research base. A baby was observed in a set of seven situations, with the mother, with the mother and a stranger, with just a stranger and on its own. The babys reactions were observed (Ainsworth and Bell, 1970). Ainsworth found that psychological health is related to the positive quality of these attachment experienced, both present and past and the personal meaning attributed to them. Psychological distress is perceived as a distortion of the attachment systems and symptoms of anxiety, depression or anger reflect the internalisation of adverse affection experienced resulting in dysfunction (Sable, 2004). The behaviour of the parents towards the child, whether they are sympathetic and respond to the childs needs is important and according to Ainsworth, the more parents accept the child on the childs terms, the more securely attached the child is (Ainsworth and Bowlby, 1965). In applying Bowlbys theory to social work, we can see how social workers can construct an understanding of service users early lives and guide managing the relationship in the future (Sable, 2000). Bowlby (1982) proposed that children internalise the relational experiences with their primary care givers during their first year and develop internal working models, which help to predict and understand our environment. The bond that we create with our primary care giver shapes how we respond to others in later life (Bowlby, 1982). Studies from Ainsworth (1967) and Ainsworth et al (1978) support this theory. In social work with children, it is common to see a childs challenging and disruptive behaviour being understood as an attempt to test whether adults are reliable or consistent than previous ones (Payne, 2005). The psychodynamic approach offers an explanation for relationship behaviour in the service users we work with. Bowlbys attachment theory and the concept of resilience has also been used in social work with children to achieve positive outcomes for looked after children where care provided to looked after children aims to provide a secure base, self esteem and self efficacy (Gilligan, 1998). The policy document, Caring for children away from home (DoH, 1998) explains that children in the care system will often have had a long history of family problems and an emotionally turbulent life, leaving their personal development damaged and their capacity for basic trust in people severely compromised. This document highlights that social workers will have to work with service users who display patterns of insecure attachments. The ability for carers to provide secure attachment and emotional warmth is part of policy guidance in the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their families (DoH, 2000). Bowlbys attachment theory allows social workers to make the link between emotional develop ment, behaviour and the quality of relationships with their carers (Trevithick, 2000). Howe (2000) states that attachment theory can guide and inform social work interventions with children. It can act as a framework of theory and patterns of thinking. Bowlbys attachment theory can also help social workers make sense of the way in which service users engage with services. Most social workers have worked with service users who say that they would like support but cannot make use of the services on offer. This difficulty can indicate experience of distress in early childhood and can be understood in terms of their history of attachment bonds (Howe, 1999). Some service users seek to exert control in the relationship with a social worker, perhaps refusing support or making unrealistic demands. Social workers could view this as the service user being difficult or alternatively with consideration to attachment theory this could be understood in terms of the service users previous experience of rejection from their carers which has left them cautious of accepting help (Trevithick, 2000). In critical analysis of attachment theory, Schofield and Beek (2006) explain that although attachment theory can offer assistance, service users lives need to be considered uniquely, drawing on their wider environment, education, experiences of racism and economic background. For example, attachment to carers is central to working with looked after children but must be understood within a range of other factors (Schofield and Beek, 2006). It can also be argued that attachment theory does not incorporate enough consideration of issues of oppression that result from differences of race, gender, culture, sexuality and social-economic factors (Milner and OByrne, 2002). In a society where due to globalisation, colonisation, immigration and asylum seekers, families are having to travel great distances to secure attachments, Bowlbys eurocentric theories do not go far in explaining cultures or social work from a black perspective (Robinson, 1995). This highlights again that psychodynamic thought should not be used in isolation. Human nature is such that no one theory can account for the infinite range of difference amongst individuals. For example, difference in learning abilities and other problems in development such as autism can be mistaken for attachment disorders if examined in isolation (Rugters et al, 2004) The central ideas of the theory used today are that the quality of close relationships (or attachments) has a bearing on personality, emotional and social development not only in childhood but across the lifespan (Howe, 2001). In conclusion, it is evident that there are weaknesses to a psychodynamic approach in social work. Theories of the unconscious can partly explain human behaviour but it fails to take into account environmental, social, economic factors and issues of culture and race. It is also deterministic in its approach and does not leave much room for agency and change. However, there is not just one body of knowledge used in social work practice. Social work knowledge is derived from different approaches but what they all have in common is that they do not originate from or are specific to social work itself, recognising that social work theory is a political and social process (Payne, 1997). Briggs (2005) states that the overall the contribution of psychodynamic research is to bring in another point of view which enhances the reflective psychosocial space in which social work takes places. Psychodynamic insights can in part assist the social worker in the difficult and complex human situations in which they are involved. As a core component of social work, the ability to respond to peoples emotional needs, to their impulse for emotional development and to the difficulties they experience in forming or maintaining relationships, the psychodynamic perspective can assist in giving us another point of view. In terms of recent policy, high profile investigations since 2000 have highlighted the importance of effective relationship building in social work ( Laming, 2003 and Laming, 2009) These cases have caused nationwide concern beyond the professions and services involved, causing a frenzy of media comment and public debate, putting the social work profession under the microscope. Social workers need good observation and analytical skills in order to be able to understand the nature of the relationship between a parent and child, to understand signs of noncompliance, to work alongside a family, and to come to safe and evidence-based judgements about the best course of action (Laming, 2009). As social work continues to be very much under societys microscope, it is essential that it encompasses a body of knowledge from a wide variety of disciplines, always remaining open to new theory and knowledge while considering perspectives from other professions. Word Count 2,658

Overview of VPN Technologies :: essays research papers

Multi-vendor interoperability for virtual private networking is essential in today’s networking environment due to the nature of business acquisitions, the need to extend corporate networks to contractors and partners, and the diverse equipment within company networks. To ensure customers have an open solution, Microsoft Windows Server 2003-based VPN technology is based on industry standards. By supporting IETF industry standards, Microsoft delivers a VPN solution that will work with other standard-compliant devices or software systems, helping to lower the cost and complexity of supporting proprietary solutions. Customers who use standards-based technology are not locked into any given vendor’s proprietary implementations. Microsoft supports the IETF efforts to standardize VPN technology. To date, two major technologies are IETF standards: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)—a combination of PPTP and Cisco’s Layer 2 Forwarding, which evolved through the IETF standards process. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)—an architecture, protocol, and related Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol, which are described by IETF RFCs 2401-2409. The combination of these technologies is described in RFC 3193, an IETF Proposed Standard. In addition to IETF standards-track technologies, Microsoft supports PPTP, created by the PPTP Industry Forum (US Robotics [now 3Com], 3Com/Primary Access, Ascend, Microsoft, and ECI Telematics.) PPTP is a published informational RFC (RFC 2637) and has many companies shipping third-party implementations. For advanced security requirements, IPSec has emerged as a key technology. However, IPSec tunnel mode by itself does support legacy authentication methods, tunnel IP address assignment and configuration, and multiple protocols—all critical requirements for remote access VPN connections. To provide a truly interoperable solution, Windows Server 2003 uses L2TP in combination with IPSec to provide an interoperable, secure VPN solution. L2TP has broad vendor support, particularly among the largest network access equipment providers, and has verified interoperability in a series of vendor-sponsored testing events.

Number theory

The number theory concerns about numbers i.e. whole numbers or rational numbers (fractions). Number theory is one of the oldest branches of pure mathematics and one of the largest. It is a branch of pure mathematics concerning with the properties and integers. Arithmetic is also used to refer number theory. It is also called higher arithmetic. The earliest geometric use of Diophantine equations can be tracked back to the Sulba Sutras, which were written, between 8th and 6th centuries BC. There are various number theories described as follows: Elementary Number theory Analytic Number theory Algebraic Number theory Geometric number theory Combinational number theory Computational number theory FUNCTIONS Number theory is connected with higher arithmetic hence it is the study of properties of whole numbers. Primes and prime factorization are important in number theory. The functions in number theory are divisor function, Riemann Zeta function and totient function. The functions are linked with Natural numbers, whole numbers, integers and rational numbers. The functions are also linked with irrational numbers. The study of irrational numbers may be done with Surd, Extraction of Square roots of natural numbers, Logarithms and Mensuration. At present Number Theory functions have 848 formulas, which are related with Prime Factorization Related functions and Other Functions. Prime Factorization Related Functions Factor Integer [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   70 Formulas Division [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   66 Formulas Prime [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   83 Formulas PrimePi [x]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   83 Formulas Divisor Sigma [k,n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   128 Formulas Euler Phi [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   109 Formulas Moebius Mu [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   79 Formulas Jacobi Symbol [n,m]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   101 Formulas Carmichasel Lambda [n]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   63 Formulas Digit Count [n, b]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   66 Formulas Computational number theory It is a study of effectiveness of algorithms for computation of number-theoretic quantities. It is also considers integer quantities (for example class number) whose usual definition is non constructive, and real quantities (eg. The values of zeta functions) which must be computed with very high precision. Hence in this function overlaps both computer algebra and numerical analysis. Combinational Number Theory It involves the number-theoretic study of objects, which arise naturally from counting or iteration. It is also study of many specific families of numbers like binomial coefficients, the Fibonacci numbers, Bernoulli numbers, factorials, perfect squares, partition numbers etc. which can be obtained by simple recurrence relations. The method is very easy to state conjectures in this area, which can often be understood without any particular mathematical training. Integer factorization Given two large prime numbers, p and q, their product pq can easily be computed. However, given pq, the best known algorithms to recover p and q require time greater than any polynomial in the length of p and q. Discrete logarithm Let G be a group in which computations are reasonably efficient. Then given g and n, computing gn is not too expensive. However, for some groups G, computing n given g and gn, called the discrete logarithm, is difficult. The commonly used groups are Discrete logarithms modulo p Elliptic curve discrete logarithms REFERENCE: http://functions.wolfram.com/NumberTheoryFunctions/ Weil, Andre: â€Å"Number theory, An approach through history†, Birkhauser Boston, Inc. Mass., 1984 ISBN-0-8176031410 Ore, Oystein, â€Å"Number theory and its history, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1988. 370 pp. ISBN 0-486-65620-9.

Leadership At A Community College - 2115 Words

Leadership in the Support of Veterans Continuing Education in Community Colleges Leadership within higher education organizations is essential to the functioning and success of the establishment. Leadership practices can vary depending on the type of higher education organization and the issue or goal at hand. The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the best leadership practices in support of veterans continuing their education at a community college. The review of Bolman and Deal’s organizational frames and the relation to transformational leadership, exemplary leadership, and integrative leadership will determine the best leadership practices for supporting veteran education. Increase of Veteran Enrollment Higher education organizations including community colleges, 4-year public colleges, 4-year private nonprofit colleges, and for-profit colleges have experienced an increase in veteran enrollment over the past few years. A student veteran is defined as, â€Å"any student who is a current or former member of the active duty military, the National Guard, or Reserves regardless of deployment status, combat experience, legal veteran status, or GI Bill use† (Vacchi, 2012, p. 17). Today’s veterans come from a demanding environment of high levels of expectations, formal structure, and discipline. Today’s veterans looking to continue education are of higher quality due to increased professional training (Vacchi, 2012). The Post-9/11 Veterans Education Assistance Act of 2008Show MoreRelatedCommunity College Leadership Gap Analysis8105 Words   |  33 PagesCommunity College Leadership Gap Introduction A community college leadership crisis endures; within the next fifteen years, ninety percent of the community college presidents are expected to retire (McNair, 2015). To remain viable, United States community colleges need an influx of self-motivated, visionary leaders. Currently, there is a gap in leadership; (Anderson, 2014, Claus, 2013, Eddy, 2013, Hannum, 2015, Jones, 2014, Leist, 2013, McArdle, 2013, McFadden, 2013, McNair, 2015, Tunheim, 2015)Read MoreLeadership Of The Executive Director Of Community College Initiatives1025 Words   |  5 Pagesor directing head† (Yukl, 2010). One of the main definitions of leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it. The Executive Director of Community College Initiatives has shown to have these qualities. Heading up a new department while working with limitations and still getting task accomplished shows strong leadership and management skills. While leaders hip deals with the process of influencing the activities of an organizedRead MoreApplying Leadership Strategies For Guide Community College Issues Requires An Approach That Delivers Results1327 Words   |  6 PagesAppreciative Inquiry Applying leadership strategies to guide community college issues requires an approach that delivers results. Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is a positive approach to change management. It’s all about the elevation, concentration and a chemistry of combining of strengths (The Drucker School [AI], 2011). AI aligns strengths that make system weaknesses irrelevant by creating a change in the way we look at human organizations and human change. The Appreciative Inquiry Commons websiteRead MoreThe University Of District Of Columbia Community College Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesCommunity Colleges were developed with the purpose of providing an affordable and accessible education. By providing students with both academic and learning skills, community colleges continue to remain an essential part of today’s society. Throughout the years, community colleges have continued to develop and transform to provide resources to meet the needs of their students. As new community colleges began to develop, it is critical that they are aware of the political issues that communityRead MoreLeadership Capacity in Education Study Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Leadership is reciprocal and purposeful learning in a community† with opportunities for skillful participation (Lambert). Humanistic Approach and perspectives consider the leaders’ ability to personalize their experience to the individual; Similar to â€Å"modeling of leadership behaviors† (Lambert). If we want others to be leaders, we need to demonstrate what leadership looks - like according to Lambert. Whether teaching or leading the activity of coaching, scaffolding, articulation, reflectionRead MoreLeadership Development among College-aged Students821 Words   |  3 Pagespostsecondary institution. Student leadership development is regarded as a priority at current higher education institutions (Boatman, 1999; Astin Astin, 2000; Robert, 2003b). From the study, the researcher found that the relationship between student government with campus offices and administrators was horrible. Therefore, the study was to determine how college students perceived their role in student governance at their higher education institution. Main Body Leadership training program is becomingRead MorePersonal Motivation For The Hacu National Internship Program893 Words   |  4 Pagesschool diploma and less than 4% have a bachelor s degree or higher. I am one of the few people of Barrio Logan with a high school diploma. I will also be one of the few to graduate from college. I was privileged enough to receive the education I obtained. It is because of that education that I understand that my community deserves better, not better than everyone else just better than what we have experienced. Through schooling, I have learned that I have the potential to effect change. I am a strongRead MoreAnne Arundel Community College ( Aacc )1348 Words   |  6 PagesAnne Arundel Community College (AACC) is a two-year public, community-driven institution of higher education. It is one of the oldest and largest community colleges within the state of Maryland. Anne Arundel Community College offers transfer and career associate degree programs; ce rtificate programs; credit courses; and continuing education, workforce development and lifelong learning opportunities. AACC is a single-campus community college with a main campus in Arnold, off -campus sites at ArundelRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Azure College A Nursing Institution1159 Words   |  5 Pagesmission statement, and their visions to the society in which they are serving to. In this paper, the philosophy of Azure College a nursing institution will be examined which is based on to inspire, to prepare and to empower students for meaningful work, fulfilling lives and leadership in a constantly healthcare changing. The philosophy concept of Azure College is the leadership focused on the students where they will be able to transform their ideas into actions that will directly benefit the personalRead MoreVolunteering Essay898 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only the person receiving the service, but also the individual doing the volunteering, three benefits a person can gain fro m volunteering are; attaining leadership skills, earning an academic credit, or to build a resume. Volunteering can be done in some many ways; from helping the elderly, to starting a club that gives back to the community. Volunteering does not give a person materialistic rewards, such as money, but it can give someone knowledge and time spent with people who can teach someone